OSE5203 - Geometrical Optics

Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics, Geometrical Theory of Image Formation, Optical System Layout, Radiometry. 

Description:

Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics, Geometrical Theory of Image Formation, Radiometry, Aberrations, Optical System Layout, Topics covered in the lectures will include: foundations of geometrical optics, Gaussian Optics, geometrical theory of image formation, basic optical devices and instruments, radiometry and flux transfer in imaging systems, introduction to aberration theory, image evaluation/analysis. 

Credit Hours:

• 3 hours

Prerequisite:

• Graduate standing or consent of instructor

Course Material:

• P. Mouroulis and J. MacDonald, “Geometrical Optics and Optical Design” Oxford University Press 1997. (Highly Recommended)
• Class notes

List of Topics:

• The Foundations of Geometrical Optics
  • Waves, wave fronts, and rays
  • Propagation of wave fronts, reflection, refraction
  • Fermat’s principle
  • Irradiance and the inverse-square law
  • The basic postulates of geometrical optics
• Elementary Ray Optics
  • Plane surfaces
  • Curved surfaces: focusing
• Imagery by a Single Surface and a Thin Lens
  • The sign convention
  • The paraxial approximation
  • Imagery by a single surface
  • Imagery by a thin lens
  • Imagery of an extended object
  • Magnification: the angular size of an object, visual magnification, longitudinal magnification.
  • Imagery of a volume
• Gaussian Optics
  • The paraxial height and angle variables
  • Paraxial ray tracing for systems of many surfaces
  • Principal planes
  • Thick lenses: power and location of principal planes
  • Nodal points, measurement of focal length
• Stops and Pupils
  • Marginal and pupil rays
  • Optical invariant
  • Numerical aperture and number
  • Depth of focus and depth of field
  • Field of view
• ABCD Matrix Transformation
  • Matrix formulation for refraction and for translation
  • The conjugate matrix
  • Object and image planes
  • Principal planes and back and front focal plans
  • System stop and entrance and exit pupils
• Radiometry and Photometry
  • Light flux transmission through optical systems
  • Solid angle and projected area
  • Radiant flus, irradiance, radiance, Lambertian sources
  • Radiometry of imaging systems
  • Extended sources, distant sources
• Real ray tracing
  • Meridional and skew rays
  • Ray transfer from between spherical surfaces,
  • Refraction of a general ray
• Aberrations
  • Chromatic aberration
  • Introduction to monochromatic aberrations
  • The wave aberration function and classification of aberration
  • The Seidel aberration coefficients
  • Astigmatism and field curvature
  • Primary aberrations of a reflecting prism (plane parallel plates)
  • Primary aberrations of a spherical mirror
  • Central aberrations (stop at the lens)
  • Thin lens aberration with a remote stop
• Gaussian Optics of Optical Instruments and Components
  • The telescope, the microscope, Projection Systems, the Eye
  • Reflecting prisms, Cylindrical and anamorphic optics, Gradient index optics